Minor Analysis Paper #2: Part 2

Value Heirachies

In “Challenging Torture,” Scott Horton’s argument rests on the fact that the public needs to play a role in advocating for change. Horton presents the fact that torture does not work and that there are issue of torture remains severe. His points rely on the public’s perception that torture is a moral issue. Horton also assumes that the actions of the government reflect on the morality and image of the American people. His values specifically targets include humanity, integrity, questioning government authority, and courage to do what is right. Horton would rank responsibility, honor, and respect above preventative concerns, national security, and heroism. On the topic of torture, he employs the loci of quality. He specifically emphasizes democracy and integrity that are closely associated with the underlying principles of America. Horton’s argument centers on preserving and protecting the “soul of our nation” and our understanding of ourselves as accountable, ethical Americans. He also utilizes the loci of existent with the example of John Donne’s sermon. Through it, he urges preachers and the “community of the faithful” to address the ethical problems with torture.

Andrew C. McCarthy in his article, “International Law Targets American Sovereignty,” takes time to explain that the interrogations performed by the CIA do not constitute torture. His argument also relies on the fact that the war on terrorism requires different tactics than have been previously used. His ideas rely on the audiences’ perception that every country and organization (including NGOs) set policies based solely on their own agendas. In addition, he believes the audience considers American interests and national security second to none. The values McCarthy holds true are independence, self-reliance, and sovereignty. He would put national security, authority, and democracy above international relations, law-abiding responsibility, and respect. McCarthy also utilizes the loci of existent. He sees the threat of having our actions limited by international law equivalent to a “wolf in sheep’s clothing.” Thus he urges the U.S. to “push back” and reexamine the laws we are willing and not willing to follow. Furthermore, he urges the American government to not agree to new international commitments. In addition, he applies the loci of essence. He describes the core values of America as independence and the importance of acting preventatively to protect our interests. U.S. agreement to international regulations contradicts our principles as Americans.